VHF/SRC exam question bank

Below is a structured exam bank aligned with the ISSA VHF/SRC syllabus. Questions are grouped by ISSA topic, with 20 theory and 20 practical items per topic.

The bank reflects:

  • ISSA's declared learning outcomes and topic list for Sea Area A1 GMDSS leisure craft.
  • Common SRC syllabus areas: radiocommunications, equipment, procedures, regulations, and practical operation.

Use it as:

  • A large item bank (draw subsets for each exam), or
  • A staged curriculum: course quizzes plus a final assessment.

For exams, use 8-12 questions per topic and reserve the rest for practice quizzes, formative assessment, and oral questioning in practical sessions. Where time is tight, combine related topics (e.g. Spelling + Procedure Words) into integrated practical stations.

How to use

Open the Theoretical or Practical section links above. Each section has its own permanent URL — bookmark it or use Print to save a PDF.

Press "/" to focus search.

Theoretical part

1.1 Marine VHF Legal Framework (Theory - 20)

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  1. Explain why many administrations legally require a dedicated operator certificate to use a marine VHF radio on a leisure vessel.
  2. Describe the main objectives of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) from a regulatory point of view.
  3. What is meant by "Sea Area A1" in GMDSS, and how does this define the minimum radio equipment required on board?
  4. Distinguish between SOLAS and non-SOLAS vessels and explain how this affects VHF/SRC certification requirements.
  5. Outline the relationship between ITU Radio Regulations and national laws governing the use of VHF marine radios.
  6. Define the term "ship station licence" and explain how it differs from an operator certificate.
  7. Give three examples of unlawful use of a marine VHF radio and the potential legal consequences for the operator.
  8. Explain why the use of VHF Channel 16 is controlled by international regulation and what this implies for leisure users.
  9. Describe how harmonised SRC procedures in European countries help skippers operating across borders.
  10. Explain the legal status of a DSC distress alert generated from a leisure vessel in Sea Area A1.
  11. Under what circumstances is a vessel master legally obliged to respond to a distress call?
  12. Explain the concept of "interference" in the legal context of radio communications and give two examples.
  13. Describe the operator's legal responsibilities regarding the logging of distress and safety communications.
  14. Why is it illegal to transmit false distress alerts, and what may be the financial and criminal penalties?
  15. Describe how licensing rules differ between a fixed VHF set permanently installed on board and a handheld VHF used ashore.
  16. Explain why some administrations require the VHF/SRC operator to be at least a specified minimum age.
  17. Describe the legal implications of using a non-type-approved VHF radio on board a pleasure yacht.
  18. Explain how international agreements and recommendations influence the design of national SRC examinations.
  19. Describe the concept of "priority of distress traffic" and how this is reflected in legal provisions.
  20. A skipper uses VHF to conduct business advertising for a shore-based company. Explain why this is generally prohibited and what could happen if discovered.

1.2 Communication Participants (Theory - 20)

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  1. List the main types of stations that participate in maritime VHF communications (e.g., ship, coast, SAR).
  2. Explain the primary role of a coast radio station in the GMDSS framework.
  3. Describe the typical responsibilities of a ship's master as the person in charge of radio communications.
  4. Distinguish between "ship-to-ship" and "ship-to-shore" communications, giving one example use case for each.
  5. Explain how Maritime Rescue Coordination Centres (MRCCs) interact with ships via VHF and DSC.
  6. Describe the role of Harbour and Port Control in VHF communications and which channels they typically use.
  7. Explain what is meant by "public correspondence" in the context of marine radio services.
  8. Give an example of how pilot stations use VHF in daily operations.
  9. Describe the typical communication flow between a yacht in distress, nearby ships, and the MRCC.
  10. Explain why passengers and unqualified crew should not operate the VHF radio in normal circumstances.
  11. In a PAN PAN situation, which participants are you primarily trying to reach, and why?
  12. Describe the differences in content and tone between a call to a marina and a call to a coastguard.
  13. Explain why fishing vessels may have specific communication patterns distinct from pleasure craft.
  14. Describe how commercial shipping traffic (e.g., tankers, container ships) typically uses VHF in congested waters.
  15. Explain the difference between routine communications with a marina and safety information broadcasts from a coast station.
  16. Describe how yacht race committees typically use VHF communications during regattas.
  17. Explain the impact of language barriers between different communication participants and how standard phraseology helps.
  18. When communicating with a bridge operator (opening bridge), what information must be exchanged by both participants?
  19. Describe the expected behaviour of all communication participants upon hearing a MAYDAY RELAY message.
  20. Explain the concept of "control station" in a given VHF conversation and why clarity about control is important.

1.3 VHF Radio Basics (Theory - 20)

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  1. Define "Very High Frequency" in terms of frequency range and explain why it is suitable for marine communication.
  2. Explain the basic line-of-sight propagation characteristic of VHF and how this affects range.
  3. Describe the relationship between output power (e.g., 1 W vs 25 W) and communication range and interference risk.
  4. Explain the difference between "simplex" and "duplex" channels in the VHF marine band.
  5. Describe the typical maximum range of a fixed VHF installation between two yachts and factors that can extend or reduce it.
  6. Explain how antenna height influences the effective range of VHF communications.
  7. Define "squelch" and explain how incorrect squelch settings affect reception.
  8. Describe the function of the volume control and how it should be set during watchkeeping.
  9. Explain why a VHF radio must be programmed with correct channel sets appropriate to the region of operation.
  10. Describe the effect of obstacles such as cliffs or buildings on VHF propagation.
  11. Explain the difference between a fixed-mount VHF radio and a handheld VHF in terms of power, range, and usage.
  12. Describe why VHF is generally more reliable than mobile phones for distress communication offshore.
  13. Explain why over-modulation (speaking too loudly) can degrade the intelligibility of a VHF transmission.
  14. Describe the correct microphone technique to ensure a clear and readable voice signal.
  15. Explain the importance of monitoring channel 16 (and/or a designated DSC watch channel) while at sea.
  16. Describe what is meant by "continuous watch" and why it is recommended on certain channels.
  17. Explain the term "intership channel" and give an example of its use.
  18. Describe the basic process of tuning/selecting a working channel on a VHF set.
  19. Explain why switching to low power is recommended for harbour communications where possible.
  20. Describe how ambient noise on board (engine, wind) affects basic VHF communications and how to mitigate it.

1.4 Radio Regulations (Theory - 20)

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  1. Explain the purpose of international Radio Regulations for the maritime mobile service.
  2. Define the term "prohibited transmissions" and give three concrete examples relevant to yachts.
  3. Describe why obscene or offensive language is not permitted on marine radio channels.
  4. Explain the requirement to give the vessel's identity at the start of each transmission.
  5. Describe the rules governing test transmissions and how they should be conducted.
  6. Explain when and how a station may transmit a "silence" (SEELONCE) instruction.
  7. Describe the obligations of all stations when "SEELONCE MAYDAY" has been imposed.
  8. Explain the concept of "priority of communications" (distress, urgency, safety, routine) under the regulations.
  9. Describe national variations that may exist in channel allocations and why operators must be aware of local rules.
  10. Explain why VHF marine radios must be type-approved and not modified by the user.
  11. Describe the rules on keeping a listening watch on channel 16 or a designated distress/safety channel.
  12. Explain when a vessel may cease continuous listening watch under the regulations.
  13. Describe the requirement for logging certain transmissions, especially distress and safety related.
  14. Explain why encrypted or coded messages are generally not allowed on standard marine channels.
  15. Describe the restrictions on using VHF to conduct routine personal conversations unrelated to navigation or safety.
  16. Explain the obligations of a vessel that accidentally interferes with distress traffic.
  17. Describe when national authorities may revoke or suspend a radio operator's certificate.
  18. Explain how the ITU Radio Regulations classify distress, urgency, and safety signals.
  19. Describe the legal status of DSC acknowledgements and why they must be handled correctly.
  20. Explain the purpose of harmonised SRC examination procedures in ensuring regulatory compliance.

1.5 Channels (Theory - 20)

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  1. Define what is meant by a "marine VHF channel" and how it is related to a radio frequency.
  2. Explain the primary use of Channel 16 internationally.
  3. Describe the typical use of Channel 70 in the GMDSS framework.
  4. List three common intership channels and describe appropriate uses for one of them.
  5. Explain why some channels are allocated for port operations and not for intership chat.
  6. Describe the concept of national "small craft safety" channels and give one example of their intended use.
  7. Explain why a calling channel is used and why you must then shift to a working channel.
  8. Describe how duplex channels are used for coast station communications.
  9. Explain why it is dangerous to use emergency channels for routine traffic.
  10. Describe how channel sets (e.g., INT, USA, CAN) may differ and why that matters to a travelling skipper.
  11. Explain what information you would look for in an almanac or chart to identify local channel usage.
  12. Describe the process of selecting an appropriate working channel after completing a call on channel 16.
  13. Explain the difference between distress and safety channels and give examples.
  14. Describe how DSC channel allocations differ from voice channels on VHF.
  15. Explain why marinas and yacht clubs often publish their preferred working channels.
  16. Describe a situation where two vessels might need to agree on an alternative working channel due to congestion.
  17. Explain how channel misuse can lead to congestion and hamper emergency communications.
  18. Describe how to verify that the channel selected is appropriate before transmitting.
  19. Explain why one should never use marine VHF channels for private business transactions unrelated to the vessel.
  20. Describe how channel designations may be shown on the front panel or display of a modern DSC VHF set.

1.6 Spelling (Phonetic Alphabet) (Theory - 20)

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  1. Explain why the international phonetic alphabet is used in marine radio communications.
  2. Spell your vessel's name using the phonetic alphabet as if speaking on the radio.
  3. Spell the MMSI "2 1 1 4 5 0 0 1" digit by digit using standard pronunciation.
  4. Explain how to spell a difficult harbour name over VHF to avoid confusion.
  5. Give the phonetic words for the letters A, M, S, and Z.
  6. Describe the correct way to confirm a single letter received over VHF.
  7. Explain how you would spell out a latitude (e.g., 54°30'N) using numbers and letters.
  8. Give an example of how incorrect spelling could lead to a navigation error.
  9. Explain how to request the other station to repeat a spelled-out word you did not understand.
  10. Spell your own surname phonetically and explain why this is necessary in search and rescue situations.
  11. Describe how to switch between plain language and phonetic spelling within a single transmission.
  12. Explain how to handle similar-sounding letters (e.g., M and N) using phonetics.
  13. Spell "MAYDAY" and "PAN PAN" using the phonetic alphabet.
  14. Spell "ENGINE FAILURE" using phonetic alphabet for letters, and describe when you would do so.
  15. Explain how numbers are pronounced in radiotelephony to avoid confusion (e.g., "fower", "niner").
  16. Describe how to give a callsign that includes both letters and numbers using phonetics.
  17. Explain why it is important to avoid inventing your own phonetic words.
  18. Describe how to politely ask the other station to *spell* a word you do not recognise.
  19. Give two examples of vessel names that might be particularly important to spell phonetically.
  20. Explain how to train crew to use the phonetic alphabet effectively in emergencies.

1.7 Procedure Words (Pro-words) (Theory - 20)

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  1. Define "procedure words" (pro-words) in radio communications.
  2. Explain the meaning of "OVER" and when it should be used.
  3. Explain the meaning of "OUT" and how it differs from "OVER".
  4. Describe the correct use of "SAY AGAIN" in a conversation.
  5. Explain the meaning of "STANDBY" and when it is appropriate.
  6. Describe how "ROGER" is used to acknowledge a message.
  7. Explain what "WILCO" means and why it should not be combined with "ROGER".
  8. Describe the use of "CORRECTION" during a transmission.
  9. Explain how "WAIT" and "WAIT OUT" differ in meaning.
  10. Describe a situation where "I SAY AGAIN" would be appropriate to ensure clarity.
  11. Explain the meaning and use of "I SPELL".
  12. Describe how pro-words help reduce misunderstandings on busy channels.
  13. Explain why using non-standard slang instead of pro-words is discouraged.
  14. Describe the use of "ALL STATIONS" at the beginning of certain calls.
  15. Explain the use of "THIS IS" when identifying your vessel.
  16. Describe how "BREAK" is used to separate parts of a transmission.
  17. Explain when "AFFIRMATIVE" and "NEGATIVE" should be used instead of "YES" or "NO".
  18. Describe how to end a routine call correctly using appropriate pro-words.
  19. Explain why it is important not to say "OVER AND OUT".
  20. Describe how to teach inexperienced crew to use procedure words correctly.

1.8 Use of Radio - General Operating Practice (Theory - 20)

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  1. Describe the steps you should take before transmitting on any VHF channel.
  2. Explain the importance of listening first on the channel you intend to use.
  3. Describe how to make a routine ship-to-ship call from initial call to closing.
  4. Explain why transmissions should be kept as short and concise as possible.
  5. Describe how to adjust microphone distance and speaking speed for optimal clarity.
  6. Explain how to manage background noise during a transmission.
  7. Describe the correct way to interrupt an ongoing conversation in case of urgent safety information.
  8. Explain how to manage the radio watch when entering busy coastal waters.
  9. Describe the correct etiquette when calling a coastguard station.
  10. Explain why shouting into the microphone is counterproductive.
  11. Describe how to switch from high to low power and when to do so.
  12. Explain how to handle a situation in which two vessels attempt to speak at once.
  13. Describe how to acknowledge a call directed to your vessel.
  14. Explain how to conduct a radio check without misusing channel 16.
  15. Describe when and how to hand over radio communication duties to another crew member.
  16. Explain why it is important to keep radio equipment powered and ready during navigation.
  17. Describe how to behave if you accidentally transmit on the wrong channel.
  18. Explain how to organise a brief onboard briefing for crew on radio use before departure.
  19. Describe good practice regarding the radio volume and squelch at night and in poor visibility.
  20. Explain how good radio discipline contributes to overall safety at sea.

1.9 Distress Voice Calls (Theory - 20)

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  1. Define "distress" in the context of maritime radio communications.
  2. Explain the meaning and correct pronunciation of the distress signal.
  3. List the essential information that must be included in a MAYDAY voice call.
  4. Describe the proper order in which information should be transmitted in a MAYDAY call.
  5. Explain why the vessel's position must be given as precisely as possible during distress.
  6. Describe when you would repeat your MAYDAY call three times and when once might be sufficient.
  7. Explain the difference between MAYDAY and MAYDAY RELAY.
  8. Describe who is authorised to send a MAYDAY RELAY and when it is appropriate.
  9. Explain what other stations should do when they hear a MAYDAY call.
  10. Describe the role of the MRCC after receiving a distress call from a leisure vessel.
  11. Explain how to cancel a false distress voice call once it has been transmitted.
  12. Describe how a change in the vessel's situation (e.g., fire extinguished) should be communicated after an initial distress call.
  13. Explain why it is vital to continue listening watch on the distress channel after sending MAYDAY.
  14. Describe the use of "SEELONCE MAYDAY" during distress traffic.
  15. Explain how to handle a situation where you hear a MAYDAY in a language you only partly understand.
  16. Describe how you would prepare crew for making a distress call if the skipper were incapacitated.
  17. Explain how a DSC alert supports or initiates a distress voice call on VHF.
  18. Describe why practice MAYDAY calls on live channels are forbidden and how training should be done instead.
  19. Explain the psychological barriers crew may feel when sending a MAYDAY and how training can address them.
  20. Describe how distress voice call procedures are aligned with international regulations and common SRC guidelines.

1.10 Urgency Voice Calls (PAN PAN) (Theory - 20)

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  1. Define an "urgency" situation and how it differs from distress.
  2. Explain the meaning and correct pronunciation of the signal PAN PAN.
  3. Describe three typical situations where a PAN PAN call would be appropriate.
  4. List the key information elements that should be included in a PAN PAN call.
  5. Explain how to decide whether to use PAN PAN or MAYDAY.
  6. Describe how other vessels should respond when hearing a PAN PAN call.
  7. Explain how PAN PAN calls help in early problem management before a situation becomes distress.
  8. Describe how to downgrade an urgency situation if the problem is resolved.
  9. Explain how to use PAN PAN MEDICO when medical advice is urgently needed.
  10. Describe the communication with a coastguard after initiating a PAN PAN call.
  11. Explain potential consequences of overusing PAN PAN for non-urgent matters.
  12. Describe an example scenario of engine failure in a safe area where PAN PAN may be justified.
  13. Explain how to handle a loss of navigation lights situation using PAN PAN.
  14. Describe the difference in priority between PAN PAN and routine calls.
  15. Explain how a DSC urgency alert differs from a voice PAN PAN call.
  16. Describe how to monitor the channel after sending a PAN PAN.
  17. Explain why clarity and calm tone are particularly important during urgency communications.
  18. Describe how to record PAN PAN communications in the logbook.
  19. Explain how training with realistic scenarios helps skippers correctly choose between PAN PAN and MAYDAY.
  20. Describe how PAN PAN procedures contribute to efficient use of SAR resources.

1.11 Safety Voice Calls (SECURITÉ) (Theory - 20)

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  1. Define a "safety" communication and how it differs from distress and urgency.
  2. Explain the meaning and correct pronunciation of the signal SECURITÉ.
  3. Describe typical types of information transmitted using SECURITÉ messages.
  4. Explain who usually initiates SECURITÉ broadcasts (e.g., coast stations, large vessels).
  5. Describe an example where a yacht skipper might originate a SECURITÉ message.
  6. Explain why navigation warnings are often transmitted as SECURITÉ.
  7. Describe the structure of a typical SECURITÉ message.
  8. Explain how you should behave on hearing a SECURITÉ message on channel 16.
  9. Describe how weather warnings are disseminated using SECURITÉ.
  10. Explain why SECURITÉ messages are important in areas of dense traffic or navigational hazards.
  11. Describe how language and clarity are especially important in safety broadcasts.
  12. Explain how safety messages can be combined with DSC announcements.
  13. Describe how the skipper should brief the crew upon hearing an important SECURITÉ message.
  14. Explain the potential consequences of ignoring SECURITÉ broadcasts.
  15. Describe the process of logging safety messages that affect your planned route.
  16. Explain how national authorities may vary in how often and on which channels they send safety information.
  17. Describe how to ask a coast station to repeat a safety message you partially missed.
  18. Explain why a safety message should not be misused for routine harbour booking information.
  19. Describe how to issue a safety message regarding a partly submerged container sighted at sea.
  20. Explain how safety message procedures support the goal of accident prevention.

1.12 Routine Voice Calls (Theory - 20)

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  1. Define "routine" radio traffic and how it differs from distress, urgency, and safety traffic.
  2. Describe how to initiate a routine call to a marina to request a berth.
  3. Explain what information should be given when calling a fuel dock.
  4. Describe good practice when arranging a yacht-to-yacht rendezvous by VHF.
  5. Explain how to ensure routine calls do not block important channels.
  6. Describe when you should move from channel 16 to a working channel during a routine call.
  7. Explain why politeness and brevity are still important in routine communications.
  8. Describe how to call a harbour master to request permission to enter.
  9. Explain how to acknowledge a routine call addressed to your vessel.
  10. Describe how to manage language difficulties in routine calls (e.g., speaking slowly, using simple words).
  11. Explain what information is not appropriate to share in routine VHF traffic (e.g., sensitive personal data).
  12. Describe how to use VHF to coordinate with a race committee or event organiser.
  13. Explain why you should avoid using VHF as a general chat channel with friends.
  14. Describe how to handle minor conflicts or misunderstandings on channel in a professional manner.
  15. Explain how to close a routine call properly using appropriate pro-words.
  16. Describe a structured way to organise the content of a routine call (who, where, what, when).
  17. Explain why routine test calls should not be made on distress or safety channels.
  18. Describe how to manage multiple incoming routine calls when you are busy (e.g., "STANDBY").
  19. Explain why recording some routine communications in the log can still be valuable (e.g., pilotage instructions).
  20. Describe how effective routine communication contributes to safe and efficient port operations.

1.13 Digital Selective Calling (DSC) (Theory - 20)

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  1. Explain the purpose of Digital Selective Calling in the GMDSS system.
  2. Define MMSI and explain how it is used in DSC signalling.
  3. Describe the difference between individual, group, and all-stations DSC calls.
  4. Explain the relationship between DSC channel 70 and voice channels.
  5. Describe the general process of sending a DSC distress alert.
  6. Explain why correct MMSI programming is critical for DSC operation.
  7. Describe how a DSC distress alert is automatically routed by coast stations and MRCCs.
  8. Explain what information is typically included in a DSC distress alert (e.g., position, nature of distress).
  9. Describe how receiving a DSC distress alert should be followed up with a voice MAYDAY procedure.
  10. Explain how to acknowledge a DSC distress alert if you are not a coast station and what to be cautious about.
  11. Describe how to initiate a DSC routine call to another vessel.
  12. Explain the purpose of DSC urgency and safety categories.
  13. Describe how DSC can be used to alert another vessel before switching to a working channel.
  14. Explain why false DSC alerts must be cancelled and how this is done.
  15. Describe how GPS is integrated with DSC radios to automatically insert position.
  16. Explain why regular checks of GPS and DSC linkage are important.
  17. Describe how a group MMSI might be used within a flotilla of yachts.
  18. Explain how DSC watchkeeping differs from analogue voice watchkeeping.
  19. Describe potential technical problems that can degrade DSC operation (e.g., poor antenna, power issues).
  20. Explain how DSC is referenced in SRC exam standards and why practical competence is required.

1.14 GMDSS and Its Components (Theory - 20)

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  1. Define the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS).
  2. Explain the concept of GMDSS sea areas (A1 - A4) and their relation to communication equipment.
  3. Describe the main GMDSS components typically relevant to non-SOLAS yachts in Sea Area A1.
  4. Explain the role of VHF DSC within GMDSS.
  5. Describe the function of an EPIRB and how it fits into the GMDSS framework.
  6. Explain what a SART or AIS-SART is and how it assists in SAR operations.
  7. Describe the purpose of NAVTEX in GMDSS.
  8. Explain the concept of "redundancy" in GMDSS equipment for SOLAS vessels.
  9. Describe how GMDSS improves the speed and accuracy of distress alerting compared to older systems.
  10. Explain how Inmarsat or other satellite services may complement VHF in certain sea areas.
  11. Describe how Maritime Safety Information (MSI) is delivered under GMDSS.
  12. Explain the main differences between SRC and higher-level GMDSS certificates (ROC, GOC).
  13. Describe how the integration of GPS, DSC, EPIRB, and AIS contributes to more effective SAR.
  14. Explain why training for leisure skippers focuses primarily on VHF, DSC, and basic GMDSS awareness.
  15. Describe how GMDSS equipment should be tested and maintained on board.
  16. Explain why GMDSS components must be registered with national authorities.
  17. Describe the role of MRCCs within the GMDSS architecture.
  18. Explain how changes to the ITU Radio Regulations can lead to updates in GMDSS training requirements.
  19. Describe how GMDSS supports coordination between ships, aircraft, and rescue units during SAR.
  20. Explain how GMDSS concepts appear in the ISSA VHF/SRC syllabus and in maritime radio training.

1.15 Other Skills (Ecology, Social Skills) (Theory - 20)

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  1. Explain how responsible radio use contributes to reducing noise pollution in busy coastal areas.
  2. Describe why it is important to remain calm and respectful in all radio communications.
  3. Explain how clear communication can prevent environmentally damaging incidents (e.g., groundings, collisions).
  4. Describe how to use VHF to report environmental hazards such as oil spills or floating debris.
  5. Explain how to phrase a report about a damaged navigation buoy in a constructive, factual manner.
  6. Describe how empathy and patience are important when dealing with inexperienced radio operators.
  7. Explain why shouting or using aggressive language on VHF can escalate tense situations.
  8. Describe how inclusive and non-discriminatory language should be used on radio.
  9. Explain how good communication skills can improve cooperation with harbour staff and pilots.
  10. Describe how to brief guests and novice crew about appropriate behaviour around the VHF set.
  11. Explain how to manage radio use so that it does not disturb rest periods of crew and nearby vessels.
  12. Describe how to balance the need for urgent communication with respect for other users on a busy channel.
  13. Explain how cultural differences might influence perceived politeness on the radio and how to adapt.
  14. Describe how to handle a misunderstanding on the radio without causing conflict.
  15. Explain why factual, concise communication is particularly important in safety and environmental reports.
  16. Describe the role of the skipper in setting the tone for all onboard radio use.
  17. Explain how regular debriefs after exercises can improve crew confidence and social skills in communication.
  18. Describe how to manage situations where another station is clearly using inappropriate language.
  19. Explain why unnecessary repetition or "chatter" on working channels can indirectly affect safety and environment.
  20. Describe how a culture of professional radio use aligns with the responsibilities of a competent skipper.

Practical part

2.1 Basics of Radio Installation and Use (Practical - 20)

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  1. Demonstrate how to power on the fixed VHF radio and verify it is functioning correctly.
  2. Show how to adjust volume and squelch for clear reception in a noisy environment.
  3. Demonstrate switching between high and low power and explain when each is used.
  4. Identify the main controls on the VHF front panel and describe their functions.
  5. Show how to select a specific channel requested by the examiner.
  6. Demonstrate how to connect the VHF to a 12 V DC supply (explain or show on training rig).
  7. Identify the antenna cable and explain its importance for safe radio operation.
  8. Demonstrate how to perform a basic radio check on an appropriate working channel.
  9. Show how to verify that the GPS position is available on the DSC VHF unit.
  10. Demonstrate how to lock and unlock the keypad or controls to prevent accidental transmissions.
  11. Show how to change channel sets (e.g., INT/USA/CAN) where equipment supports this.
  12. Demonstrate correct use of the handheld microphone, including distance and speaking angle.
  13. Show how to test the external speaker (if fitted) and adjust its volume.
  14. Explain and demonstrate how to check that the emergency DSC distress button is protected (e.g., flap/guard).
  15. Demonstrate muting and un-muting of the radio if such a function exists.
  16. Show how to reset the radio after a power failure.
  17. Demonstrate safe routing of cables to avoid damage and interference.
  18. Explain and, if possible, demonstrate how to power the radio from an alternative battery or power source.
  19. Show how to verify that the correct channel list (for the operating region) is available on the set.
  20. Demonstrate shutting down the radio correctly while leaving it ready for the next operation.

2.2 Functionality of the Ship Station Equipment (Practical - 20)

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  1. Identify all components of the ship's radio installation: transceiver, antenna, power supply, GPS input, etc.
  2. Demonstrate how to check the ship station's MMSI is correctly programmed into the DSC VHF.
  3. Show how to scroll through menu options to access DSC functions.
  4. Demonstrate setting up an individual DSC routine call to a specified MMSI.
  5. Show how to acknowledge a received routine DSC call and switch to the indicated working channel.
  6. Demonstrate how to set and confirm the vessel's position manually on the radio if GPS input fails.
  7. Show how to view the DSC call log and identify the last received alert.
  8. Demonstrate switching between intership and port operation channels according to instructions.
  9. Show how to adjust display brightness for day and night operations.
  10. Demonstrate how to test an internal speaker and any external loudspeaker if present.
  11. Show how to select and call a coast station using DSC from an onboard directory (if fitted).
  12. Demonstrate how to initiate a DSC test call where this is permitted (on simulator, not live).
  13. Show how to cancel an outgoing routine DSC call before it is sent.
  14. Demonstrate how to configure a group call using a given group MMSI (if supported by equipment).
  15. Show how to access and interpret stored DSC distress alerts on the device.
  16. Demonstrate how to temporarily disable DSC audible alarms and then re-enable them correctly.
  17. Show how to confirm the ship station is configured for Sea Area A1 operation.
  18. Demonstrate how to access context-sensitive help or quick menus if available on the radio.
  19. Show how to check the supply voltage as displayed by the radio (if such a feature exists).
  20. Demonstrate and explain the correct use of any integrated AIS display functionality related to communications, if present.

2.3 Functionality of the Handheld Station Equipment (Practical - 20)

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  1. Demonstrate how to switch the handheld VHF on and off.
  2. Show how to check the battery charge level on a handheld unit.
  3. Demonstrate how to change channels on the handheld.
  4. Show how to set the handheld to high or low power and explain when each should be used.
  5. Demonstrate adjusting volume and squelch on the handheld radio.
  6. Show how to attach and secure the handheld's antenna.
  7. Demonstrate correct microphone and speaker positioning on the handheld while speaking.
  8. Show how to select channel 16 and then return to a previously used working channel.
  9. Demonstrate how to operate any waterproofing seals or covers (e.g., for charging ports).
  10. Show how to secure the handheld to prevent loss overboard (lanyard, clip, etc.).
  11. Demonstrate the charging procedure for the handheld battery.
  12. Show how to change a battery pack safely on the handheld unit.
  13. Demonstrate how to perform a radio check using the handheld from deck.
  14. Show how to use any available scan or dual-watch function on the handheld.
  15. Demonstrate how to reduce squelch temporarily to check for weak signals.
  16. Show how to stow the handheld correctly when not in use to protect it from damage.
  17. Demonstrate using the handheld for intership communication between two training vessels.
  18. Show how to clean contacts and seals on the handheld unit if needed.
  19. Demonstrate how to check that the handheld is set to the correct channel set (INT/USA/CAN, if present).
  20. Explain and demonstrate the limitations of range when using the handheld from different points on the vessel.

2.4 Distress Communication (Practical - 20)

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  1. On a simulator, demonstrate sending a DSC distress alert with correct category and position.
  2. Immediately after, perform the associated MAYDAY voice call on the designated voice channel.
  3. Demonstrate repeating the MAYDAY call after no response is heard for a specified period.
  4. Show how to respond by voice to a MAYDAY call from another vessel as a nearby ship offering assistance.
  5. Demonstrate how to acknowledge a distress relay from a coast station without interfering with control of traffic.
  6. Show the correct use of the phrase SEELONCE MAYDAY under examiner guidance.
  7. Demonstrate cancelling a false DSC distress alert on the simulator and then issuing a MAYDAY CANCELLED voice message.
  8. Show how to log the key details of a distress communication (time, position, vessel name, nature of distress).
  9. Demonstrate maintaining a listening watch on the distress channel during an ongoing SAR scenario.
  10. Practice transferring control of distress communication from ship to coast station once instructed.
  11. Demonstrate repeating essential information (position, persons on board) clearly when requested by MRCC.
  12. Show how to brief crew on their roles during simulated distress communication.
  13. Demonstrate switching from the initial distress channel to a working channel when directed by MRCC.
  14. Show how to relay a distress call from another vessel that you hear weakly, according to proper format.
  15. Demonstrate giving periodic updates on the vessel's situation during an ongoing distress.
  16. Show how to terminate distress communications when instructed by MRCC and return to routine watch.
  17. Demonstrate the correct use of the radio in a simulated abandon-ship scenario.
  18. Show how to coordinate with another assisting vessel via VHF during the SAR exercise.
  19. Demonstrate handling of simultaneous incoming DSC distress alerts and selecting the one to respond to under guidance.
  20. Show how to conduct a short debrief explaining what went well and what could be improved in the distress exercise.

2.5 Urgency Communication (Practical - 20)

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  1. On a simulator, perform a PAN PAN voice call for loss of engine power in a busy fairway.
  2. Demonstrate how to update the coastguard when a tug has arrived to assist after a PAN PAN call.
  3. Show how to send a DSC urgency alert (if available on training equipment) and then follow up with voice.
  4. Demonstrate issuing PAN PAN MEDICO for an injured crew member, including all relevant medical details.
  5. Show how to downgrade a situation from PAN PAN to routine once the immediate danger has passed.
  6. Demonstrate how to call a coast station to ask whether an urgency message is appropriate before transmitting.
  7. Perform a simulated urgency call for loss of steering gear in open water.
  8. Demonstrate providing clear and calm updates about the vessel's drift and conditions during the urgency scenario.
  9. Show how to respond as a nearby vessel when hearing a PAN PAN call that you are well-placed to assist.
  10. Demonstrate how to request towing assistance via a PAN PAN call without overstating the danger.
  11. Show how to log details of an urgency communication and subsequent developments.
  12. Perform a scenario where a minor medical issue slowly escalates and you decide when to issue PAN PAN.
  13. Demonstrate use of clear position reporting (GPS and visual references) during the urgency call.
  14. Show how to coordinate with harbour control regarding an urgency situation inside a port area.
  15. Demonstrate switching between distress and urgency channels if directed by MRCC.
  16. Perform a role-play where you must explain to crew why PAN PAN, not MAYDAY, is being used.
  17. Show how to request an updated weather forecast from a coast station during an urgency scenario.
  18. Demonstrate how to cancel an urgency condition once a tow or rescue vessel has taken control.
  19. Show how to repeat key information slowly and clearly on request from the coast station.
  20. Perform a debrief explaining the reasoning behind choosing PAN PAN for the scenario.

2.6 Safety Communication (Practical - 20)

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  1. Perform a SECURITÉ call to warn of unlit fishing nets in an area you are leaving.
  2. Demonstrate relaying a significant navigational hazard report to coastguard using SECURITÉ.
  3. Show how to request repetition of a SECURITÉ weather forecast from a coast station.
  4. Demonstrate how to log a received safety broadcast that affects your planned route.
  5. Perform a safety call to inform nearby traffic about your restricted manoeuvrability during towing operations.
  6. Show how to respond to a SECURITÉ message requesting vessels to keep clear of a SAR area.
  7. Demonstrate how to broadcast a safety message about a drifting object dangerous to navigation.
  8. Perform a scenario where you transmit a safety message advising of reduced visibility in a narrow channel.
  9. Show how to receive and acknowledge MSI (Maritime Safety Information) relevant to your voyage.
  10. Demonstrate how to switch channels when instructed to listen to a scheduled safety broadcast.
  11. Perform a SECURITÉ message regarding a malfunctioning navigation light on your own vessel that may confuse others.
  12. Show how to coordinate with harbour control when reporting a small oil spill seen near the entrance.
  13. Demonstrate how to phrase a safety message without causing undue alarm.
  14. Perform role-play where you repeat a safety message to another vessel that missed it.
  15. Show how to adjust radio procedures depending on whether you are originating or merely relaying safety information.
  16. Demonstrate good logging practices for safety messages, including source, time, and content summary.
  17. Perform a simulated response where you divert the vessel's route based on a received safety broadcast.
  18. Show how to query a coast station for clarification about a hazard mentioned in a previous safety broadcast.
  19. Demonstrate how to advise nearby vessels of your participation in clearance work (e.g., debris removal) via SECURITÉ.
  20. Perform a brief verbal debrief on how safety communications reduce environmental and collision risks.

2.7 Routine Communication (Practical - 20)

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  1. Make a routine call to a marina to request a berth, providing all relevant vessel details.
  2. Demonstrate a routine call to a fuel dock to arrange refuelling on arrival.
  3. Perform a ship-to-ship routine call to coordinate a passing arrangement in a narrow channel.
  4. Show how to move from channel 16 to a working channel when instructed during a routine call.
  5. Demonstrate a call to harbour control requesting permission to enter and berth.
  6. Perform a routine call to a yacht club to confirm race start times and instructions.
  7. Show how to conduct a brief radio check with a known station without misusing distress channels.
  8. Demonstrate how to manage a language barrier by speaking slowly and using simple vocabulary.
  9. Perform a routine call to a bridge operator to request an opening at a specific time.
  10. Show how to close the conversation correctly with the other station using appropriate pro-words.
  11. Demonstrate calling a nearby yacht to coordinate rafting alongside at anchor.
  12. Perform a role-play where a mis-heard instruction is clarified using "SAY AGAIN" and phonetic spelling.
  13. Show how to refuse an unsafe request from another vessel politely over VHF.
  14. Demonstrate the use of low power for local routine communications in a marina.
  15. Perform a routine call to request updated depth information from harbour control.
  16. Show how to handle simultaneous routine calls by instructing one caller to "STANDBY".
  17. Demonstrate logging an important routine communication (e.g., pilotage advice).
  18. Perform a short routine call with minimal words but full clarity, demonstrating concise communication.
  19. Show how to re-establish contact with a station after a temporary radio or power failure.
  20. Demonstrate using a handheld radio to coordinate mooring lines with crew while also communicating with harbour staff on the fixed radio.

2.8 Digital Selective Calling Operations (Practical - 20)

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  1. Demonstrate programming the ship's MMSI into the DSC unit (or explain and show on simulator menu).
  2. Show how to send a DSC individual routine call to a specified MMSI and then speak on the working channel.
  3. Demonstrate sending a DSC all-ships safety call (on simulator only).
  4. Show how to send a DSC urgency alert and then follow with the appropriate voice call.
  5. Demonstrate reading and interpreting a received DSC distress alert on the display.
  6. Show how to cancel a routine DSC call before it is transmitted.
  7. Demonstrate how to set up and send a DSC group call to a pre-defined group MMSI.
  8. Show how to verify GPS position data on the DSC radio and update it manually if necessary.
  9. Demonstrate accessing the DSC call log and reviewing stored incoming alerts.
  10. Show how to respond to a DSC routine call directed at your vessel.
  11. Demonstrate the correct sequence after receiving a DSC distress alert (voice follow-up, logging, standby).
  12. Show how to mute and un-mute DSC alarms while still maintaining awareness.
  13. Demonstrate storing a new MMSI in the DSC directory for frequent contacts.
  14. Show how to modify or delete an incorrect MMSI entry from the directory.
  15. Demonstrate how to simulate a DSC test call and check that it is successful (simulator/training mode).
  16. Show how to change the category of a DSC call (routine, safety, urgency) before sending.
  17. Demonstrate troubleshooting steps when DSC fails to send (e.g., no GPS, antenna/VSWR issues explained).
  18. Show how to integrate DSC operation into a broader emergency drill involving EPIRB and AIS.
  19. Demonstrate maintaining a DSC watch while simultaneously using voice channels.
  20. Perform a brief explanation to the examiner of how DSC operations are tested in international SRC exams.

2.9 Operational Procedures for the GMDSS Components (Practical - 20)

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  1. Demonstrate testing an EPIRB using the manufacturer's test function without triggering a real alert.
  2. Show how to read and interpret the EPIRB label (MMSI/hex ID, expiry dates, registration info).
  3. Demonstrate checking the hydrostatic release unit (if fitted) for expiry date and condition.
  4. Show how to test a SART or AIS-SART in test mode according to instructions.
  5. Demonstrate how to ensure NAVTEX or equivalent MSI receiver is set to relevant message categories and stations.
  6. Show how to acknowledge a received NAVTEX safety message on the display and relate its contents.
  7. Demonstrate how to check that GMDSS batteries are in good condition and properly charged (explanation and checks).
  8. Show how to store EPIRB and SART correctly for rapid deployment.
  9. Demonstrate how to launch a SART from its bracket in a simulated emergency.
  10. Show how to integrate use of EPIRB and VHF DSC distress alert in an abandon-ship drill.
  11. Demonstrate how to interpret a NAVTEX message giving a navigational warning.
  12. Show how to verify the correct registration of an EPIRB with national authorities (explained, with sample data).
  13. Demonstrate how to silence an accidentally activated EPIRB and report the false alert to authorities (simulated).
  14. Show how to read off the battery expiry date on EPIRB and SART and record it in the log.
  15. Demonstrate how to secure GMDSS equipment so that it remains usable after heavy weather.
  16. Show how to incorporate GMDSS systems checks into a pre-voyage checklist.
  17. Demonstrate how to retrieve and interpret AIS SAR target information relevant to a distress.
  18. Show how to combine voice, DSC, and GMDSS equipment in a coordinated SAR training scenario.
  19. Demonstrate explaining to crew the basic functions of EPIRB and SART in a safety briefing.
  20. Show how to log all GMDSS system tests and maintenance actions in a structured way.

2.10 Use of the Procedure Words and Phrases (Practical - 20)

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  1. Conduct a short radio conversation using correct "THIS IS", "OVER", and "OUT".
  2. Demonstrate correcting a mistake mid-transmission using "CORRECTION".
  3. Show how to ask for repetition of a specific part of a message using "SAY AGAIN".
  4. Demonstrate placing another station on hold using "STANDBY" and then resuming communication.
  5. Show how to acknowledge instructions clearly using "ROGER".
  6. Demonstrate using "WILCO" correctly in response to an order.
  7. Show how to use "BREAK" to separate parts of a message during a longer transmission.
  8. Demonstrate using "I SPELL" followed by phonetic spelling of a harbour name.
  9. Show how to use "ALL STATIONS" at the start of a broadcast message.
  10. Demonstrate ending a call correctly without saying "OVER AND OUT".
  11. Show how to handle overlapping transmissions by using appropriate phrases to re-establish order.
  12. Demonstrate a short routine call including at least five correct pro-words.
  13. Show how to politely decline a request using clear, standard phraseology.
  14. Demonstrate hearing a poorly transmitted message and requesting a repeat using standard words.
  15. Show how to confirm understanding of a complex instruction by repeating it back ("readback").
  16. Demonstrate using "AFFIRMATIVE" and "NEGATIVE" clearly instead of "YES" or "NO".
  17. Show how to manage a handover of communication from one officer to another over the radio.
  18. Demonstrate how to indicate the end of a broadcast message where no reply is expected.
  19. Show how to phrase a message so that the "who, where, what" structure is clear and concise.
  20. Conduct a short multi-step scenario where proper use of procedure words prevents misunderstanding.

2.11 Use of the Phonetic Alphabet (Practical - 20)

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  1. Spell the vessel's name on request using the phonetic alphabet.
  2. Spell your own surname and first name using the phonetic alphabet.
  3. Spell the port of destination using phonetic letters.
  4. Spell the MMSI "211450001" digit by digit using correct number pronunciation.
  5. Spell a waypoint name (given by examiner) that is difficult to understand over radio.
  6. Demonstrate reading back a spelled-out word from another station to confirm accurate reception.
  7. Spell the vessel's call sign combining letters and numbers.
  8. Spell "MAYDAY" and "PAN PAN" when requested.
  9. Demonstrate giving a latitude and longitude including degrees and minutes using words and numbers.
  10. Spell the name of a local hazard (e.g., "ROCKY SHOAL") so another vessel can note it correctly.
  11. Practice changing from normal speech to phonetic spelling and back smoothly in one transmission.
  12. Spell the name of a crew member to be evacuated to ensure hospital receives the correct details.
  13. Spell a medical condition name provided by the examiner for a MEDICO scenario.
  14. Spell the name of your marina or yacht club clearly for a radio log or report.
  15. Spell a buoy identification code (e.g., "BF3") using phonetic and number words.
  16. Demonstrate confirming a spelled-out course (e.g., "course 2 - 7 - 0") with readback.
  17. Spell the word "ANCHORAGE" on request.
  18. Spell the name of a nearby vessel with a similar-sounding name to your own.
  19. Demonstrate teaching another crew member the phonetic alphabet in a short coaching scenario.
  20. Perform a short simulated exchange where correct phonetic spelling prevents a navigational error.

2.12 Ability to Exchange Communications Relevant to the Safety of Life at Sea (Practical - 20)

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  1. Conduct a complete simulated MAYDAY exchange with MRCC from initial alert to coordination of assistance.
  2. Perform a PAN PAN call regarding a crew member with a suspected broken arm, then coordinate medical advice.
  3. Demonstrate using VHF to coordinate with a nearby vessel assisting you in a man-overboard recovery.
  4. Show how to request immediate towing assistance while clearly stating the risks if not assisted.
  5. Perform a SECURITÉ warning about a dangerous object adrift on your planned route.
  6. Demonstrate updating the coastguard about worsening weather conditions experienced on scene.
  7. Show how to use VHF to coordinate with harbour control to give priority for an emergency entry.
  8. Perform a short exchange reporting smoke observed from another vessel and your intention to investigate.
  9. Demonstrate giving a clear and concise position using both GPS format and visual references.
  10. Show how to report a near-miss collision incident in a factual way over VHF.
  11. Perform a conversation where you must advise another small vessel to alter course for safety.
  12. Demonstrate how to respond to a safety broadcast altering the recommended route into a harbour.
  13. Show how to coordinate with SAR units approaching from different directions.
  14. Perform an exchange where you explain to MRCC why you are unable to assist another vessel due to your own safety limitations.
  15. Demonstrate using radio to organise evacuation of a sick crew member to a rescue boat.
  16. Show how to provide accurate information about number of persons on board, injuries, and safety equipment available.
  17. Perform a role-play reporting a grounding incident and requesting tide and salvage advice.
  18. Demonstrate how to report a pollution incident (e.g., oil slick) using proper terminology.
  19. Show how to respond to an MRCC request for continuous situation updates at defined intervals.
  20. Perform a complete, realistic safety-related communication scenario integrating distress/urgency/safety decision-making, position reporting, and coordination with authorities.

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